NVIDIA DSX AI Factory Architecture and Liquid-Cooling Infrastructure
NVIDIA has introduced the DSX AI factory reference design, a blueprint for industrial-scale data centers optimized for power efficiency and liquid cooling. Central to this architecture is the Vera Rubin GPU platform, which utilizes a 45°C closed-loop liquid cooling system to eliminate fans, reduce water consumption by nearly 100%, and enable chiller-less operation. The ecosystem is supported by partners such as Nautilus Data Technologies and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, who are providing validated infrastructure components like cooling distribution units and modular chillers.
Aggregated from 12 sources · Updated 27 Aug 2026, 03:20 UTC (UTC)
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Facts (11)
- Established
NVIDIA DSX is an AI factory reference design providing blueprints for the design, simulation, and operation of large-scale AI infrastructure.
- Established
The NVIDIA Vera Rubin generation is designed for 100% liquid cooling, eliminating the need for internal fans by cooling chips and networking components in a closed loop.
- Established
NVIDIA's liquid-cooling architecture supports inlet temperatures up to 45°C (113°F), enabling facilities to use outdoor dry coolers and free cooling instead of energy-intensive mechanical chillers.
- Established
Nautilus Data Technologies' EcoCore Facility Cooling Distribution Unit (FCD) is the first liquid-to-liquid CDU to achieve NVIDIA Large-Scale CDU validation on the DSX Marketplace.
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NVIDIA DSX integrated with digital twin software, such as Omniverse and DSX Air, allows operators to simulate and optimize factory blueprints before physical construction.
- Established
Transitioning to 45°C closed-loop liquid cooling can reduce data center water consumption from 2.6 million gallons per megawatt annually to near zero.
- Established
The EcoCore FCD demonstrated cooling capacities of 4.1 MW in dual-pump mode and a 2°C approach temperature difference during validation testing.
- EmergingNiche Signal
NVIDIA DSX MaxLPS software optimizes AI factory throughput by dynamically reallocating unused power across GPU managed groups within a fixed site power envelope.
- EmergingNiche Signal
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) is developing a Modular Chiller Plant (MCP) aligned with NVIDIA DSX architectures to support scalable liquid-cooled AI deployments.
- EmergingNiche Signal
Data center developers including CoreWeave, IREN, and Hut 8 have committed to building multiple gigawatts of DSX-ready AI infrastructure.
- EmergingNiche Signal
NVIDIA and Emerald AI are collaborating on a power-flexible architecture that treats AI factories as responsive grid assets for energy orchestration.